UN’s FAO Notes Climate Change, Biofuels Threaten Food Security

By Svetlana Kovalyova | March 7, 2011

Climate change bringing floods and drought, growing biofuel demand and national policies to protect domestic markets could boost global food prices and threaten long-term food security, the United Nations said.

High and volatile food prices are a growing global concern, partly fuelling the protests which toppled the rulers of Tunisia and Egypt earlier this year. The aftershocks have been seen across North Africa and the Middle East from Algeria to Yemen.

Periods of price volatility are not new to agriculture, but recent price shocks triggered by extreme weather and increasing use of grains to produce energy have caused great concern, the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization said.

“There are fears that price volatility may be increasing,” the FAO said in its State of Food and Agriculture report published on Monday.

The growing influence of commodities markets and “counter-productive ‘beggar-thy-neighbor’ policy responses (to high prices)…may exacerbate international market volatility and jeopardize global food security”, it said.

The Rome-based FAO has already warned food-producing countries against introducing export curbs to protect local markets as world food prices push further above the levels that triggered deadly riots in 2007/2008.

Global food prices hit a record high in February, and the FAO warned last week that further oil price spikes and stockpiling by importers keen to head off unrest would hit already volatile cereal markets.

Food prices are projected to rise over the next decade and stay at levels on average above those of the past decade, the agency said on Monday.

Urgent coordinated international action was needed to ensure security of food supplies, including improvement of market regulation and market transparency as well as of statistics on food commodity markets, establishment of emergency stocks and provision of safety nets, the FAO said.

ABOVE HUNGER GOAL
The number of undernourished people in the world has fallen to 925 million people last year from an estimated 2009 peak of 1.023 billion, but it remained unacceptably high, the FAO said.

In 2010, 16 percent of developing countries’ populations were undernourished, down from 18 percent in 2009 but still well above the U.N.’s Millennium Development Goal to halve to 10 percent the share of the hungry between 1990 and 2015, it said.

The number of hungry people could fall by 100-150 million people if women farmers were given the same access to production and financial resources as men, the agency said.

The yield gap between men and women farmers averages around 20-30 percent, mostly due to differences in resource use, the report said, citing industry studies.

Farm output in developing countries could rise by 2.5-4.0 percent if yields on the land farmed by women increased to the levels achieved by men. That in turn would reduce the global number of undernourished people by 12-17 percent, it said.

“We must eliminate all forms of discrimination against women under the law, ensure that access to resources is more equal … and make women’s voices heard in decision-making at all levels,” FAO’s Director General Jacques Diouf said in the report.

“Women must be seen as equal partners in sustainable development,” he said.

(Reporting by Svetlana Kovalyova; editing by Keiron Henderson)

Topics Agribusiness Climate Change

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